O Level Economics 2281 lectures
26 short lectures, one for each part of the syllabus, in the order it is taught. Each one teaches a topic on the board in a few minutes. The teaching part is free to watch; a free account opens the rest of every lecture: worked examples, practice questions and real past-paper questions answered.
Chapter 1 The basic economic problem
Chapter 2 The allocation of resources
- The market economic system and the price mechanismWho decides how many mangoes are grown in Pakistan each year, or how many phones are sold in Karachi?5 min
- Demand and supply: movements along and shifts of the curvesEvery market has two sides.5 min
- Market equilibrium, shortages, surpluses and price changesPut the demand curve and the supply curve on one diagram.4 min
- Price elasticity of demand and total revenueWhen the price of salt goes up, people buy almost the same amount.6 min
- Price elasticity of supplyWhen the price of tomatoes doubles in winter, farmers cannot grow more overnight.6 min
- Market failure: externalities, public, merit and demerit goodsA factory makes cheap cement and sells it at a profit, but its smoke makes people nearby ill.5 min
- The mixed economy: privatisation, taxes, subsidies and price controlsIn a mixed economy, the government steps in where the market fails.5 min
Chapter 3 Microeconomic decision makers
- Money, commercial banks and the central bankImagine a farmer with wheat who wants a pair of shoes.5 min
- Households: spending, saving and borrowingA household earns an income each month.5 min
- Choosing a job, wage differences and trade unionsA surgeon may earn many times what a cleaner earns, though both work hard.5 min
- Division of labour, labour mobility and productivityIn a car factory, no one builds a whole car.5 min
- Firms: size, growth, mergers and economies of scaleOn one street in Pakistan you can find a small family shop and, next to it, a branch of a huge national chain.5 min
- Costs, revenue, objectives of firms and market structureA small bakery pays rent for its shop every month, whether it bakes ten loaves or a thousand.5 min
Chapter 4 Government and the macroeconomy
- Macroeconomic aims, the government budget and taxationMicroeconomics looks at one market.5 min
- Economic growth and recession: causes and consequencesThe news often reports that the economy grew by 3 per cent, or that it is in recession.5 min
- Unemployment: measurement, causes, consequences and policiesLosing a job is one of the hardest things that can happen to a family.5 min
- Inflation, the CPI and monetary policyAsk anyone what a kilo of flour cost five years ago.6 min
Chapter 5 Economic development
- Living standards and differences in economic developmentWhy do people in some countries live to eighty, while in others many children never reach school age?5 min
- Poverty: causes, consequences and policiesSome families cannot afford enough food, clean water or a safe home.5 min
- Population: growth, structure and its effectsPakistan's population is young and growing fast; Japan's is old and shrinking.5 min
Chapter 6 International trade and globalisation
- Specialisation, free trade and protectionPakistan exports textiles and rice, and imports oil and machinery.5 min
- Exchange rates and the current account of the balance of paymentsWhen a Pakistani firm imports machinery from Germany, it must pay in euros, so it buys euros with rupees.5 min
- Multinational companies: benefits and costsThe soft drinks, phones and fast food you buy may be made in Pakistan by firms whose head offices are in America, Korea 5 min
Also for O Level Economics 2281
Which topics come up most in O Level Economics 2281 past papers, counted from every paper since 2004: O Level 2281 topic frequency, IGCSE 0455 topic frequency.
The topical past-paper books: O Level 2281, IGCSE 0455.