Hudaybiyya and the later campaigns
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The teaching part (2 min) is free to watch. A free account opens the whole lecture: 3 practice questions, 2 real past-paper questions with the answers explained, the mistakes that lose marks, the full-marks tip, a one-card summary and a quick quiz.
What this lecture covers
- A treaty that looked like a defeat
- Hudaybiyya: the march
- The terms
- Reactions and the outcome
Read the transcript of the teaching part
Last time
Before we start: last time, in The battles of Badr, Uhud and the Trench, you learned these points. Here they are again on one card. Keep them in mind, because today builds on them.
A treaty that looked like a defeat
In 628 the Prophet, peace be upon him, set out for Makka in peace and came home without performing umrah. Many Muslims thought the treaty favoured the Quraysh. Yet the Qur'an called it a manifest victory, and in the next two years the Muslims moved to Khaybar, Hunayn, Mu'ta and Tabuk. This lesson gives the terms, the numbers and the leaders.
Hudaybiyya: the march
The Prophet had a dream in which he entered Makka and did tawaf around the Ka'ba. In 628, he and a group of 1400 Muslims marched peacefully towards Makka to perform umrah. They had left Madina in a state of ihram, so fighting was forbidden. The Makkans thought they were coming to attack and sent a force to stop them. To avoid conflict, the Prophet took a different route and camped at Hudaybiyya. The Quraysh would not let him enter. Uthman was sent to negotiate and was not allowed to return. Bay'at al-Ridwan, the pledge, influenced the Quraysh into negotiating a treaty.
The terms
The Quraysh sent Suhayl ibn Amr. The treaty was for ten years, and each party was to be secure from the other. If a person from the Quraysh migrated to Madina, he would be sent back to Makka. But if a person from the Prophet's side went to the Quraysh, they did not have to hand him back. The Muslims were to go back to Madina without performing umrah, and return the next year for three days.
Reactions and the outcome
Umar and some others were discontent with the terms. Umar asked why they were demeaning their religion, and was reassured by Abu Bakr and the Prophet. Ali was chosen to write the treaty. Suhayl objected to 'In the name of Allah, the merciful' and to 'Messenger of Allah', and the Prophet had them changed. Once the treaty was complete, the Prophet asked the Muslims to sacrifice their animals and shave their heads. He said they had been victorious, supported by revelation: 'Verily we have granted thee a manifest victory', 48.1.
Chapter 3: The life of the Prophet
- Birth, family and the first revelation 6 min
- Preaching in Makka, persecution and the boycott 6 min
- Abyssinia, Ta’if and the Pledges of Aqaba 6 min
- The night journey, the hijra and building Madina 7 min
- Brotherhood, dealings with the Quraysh and letters to rulers 7 min
- The battles of Badr, Uhud and the Trench 6 min
- Hudaybiyya and the later campaigns 7 min
- The conquest of Makka and the Farewell Sermon 6 min
Also for IGCSE Islamiyat 0493
Which topics come up most in IGCSE Islamiyat 0493 past papers, counted from every paper since 2004.